GABIONS
The Gabions or Serazaneties (method SERAZANETI) are widely used in modern practice general engineering. The wire baskets are made of metallic mesh.
Depending on their dimensions are divided into equal sized chambers. The configuration of the chambers is made with internal baffles of same material. The chambers are filled with natural stone. Intermediates partitions do not allow the movement of the stone from one chamber to another.
Precast gabions have many advantages compared to the conventional manufacturing method of gabions epitope to project from web rolls.
Supplied ready to the final desired dimensions. Thereby ensuring the maximum safety of the construction and of course the maximum speed work.
Made of heavy galvanized wire (275 gr / m2 according to BS 443/82, EN 10244-2, ASTM A 641-71, DIN 1548 and QQ-W-461H). Tension wire: 350 - 500 N / mm2 according to EN 10223-3. Elongation wire: according to EN 10223-3.
Produced by hexagons double weaving webs with loops of various types: 8x10, 6x8, 10x12. The diameter of the wire: 2,70 or 3,00 mm.
Such constructions are used :
- Protection against excessive sediment speeds
- Protection facilities next to coast
- Protection of river bank
- Groins
- Barrages
- Bases of bridges
- Construction of retaining walls and fencing
- Containment and protection from precipitation rocks
- Floods
etc.
The gabions offer many advantages over other types of constructions. Some of them are :
FLEXIBILITY : one of the greatest advantages is the flexibility of the gabions. The method of manufacture allows tolerance to different forces without damaging because exhibit absorption of the forces from the ground and retain ydrastatikis pressure.
LONGEVITY : The gabions are distinguished for their period in time because manufactured with high strength loop and filled with natural stone. Connected to each other and create a strong structure capable of underground shifts without losing their original schematic integrity. Moreover, the gabions are known for their ability to adapt and fully assimilated into the natural environment. They are supported and reinforced by the growth of plants between them and provides a physical protection for the loop of the container and stones.
RESISTANCE : the gabions with durability and flexibility available to resist the forces generated by volumes of water and soil.
ECOLOGY : construction of gabions are environmentally friendly and have elachiti interference in the balance of ecosystems because of the inertness of the material and the use of natural stone. Their filling with stones creates resource allowing the flow of both water and air. Over time many constructions overwhelmed by natural vegetation to such an extent that it is not visible.
LOW COST: construction of gabions are very economical solutions with application in many constructions. The assembling and mounting time can be regarded as minimal in relation to other structures. In one construction of gabions need no kidnapping and drainage works water because the wells have resources and thus facilitate the flow of water. The stones with which they filled the gabions usually offered within walking distance from the project in local quarries or by local merchants.
AESTHETIC INTEGRATION WITH THE ENVIRONMENT: all constructions made of wire mesh embedded in the environment and create elegant structures unlike other products for such constructions as cement walls.
LANDSCAPING: The use of gabions in the design and landscaping is limited only in terms of creativity and imagination of the designer. The gabions allow the creation of vegetation and helps to maintain the natural environment effectively and economically in projects such as parks, along roads, rivers, lakes, creating terraces, rock gardens and courtyards.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
In recent years, reinforced embankments configuration presents particular development, both for reasons related orizontiografikous limitations, ease of manufacture, the relative economy over conventional methods using reinforced concrete, and because of the range of geosynthetic materials on the market.
Alternative design and design solutions based on the strength of geosynthetic materials, the properties of materials loans, and geomorphological conditions and the limited land use requirements.
One aspect which also needs special importance, usually either overlooked or chosen hastily, to the protective coating system of slopes of reinforced embankments.
However, this parameter is essential for the safe operation of the body of reinforced embankment, combined with the aesthetic imbues the work.
Protective investment means the system formed in the outer surface of slopes reinforced embankments (roads) to protect them from corrosion, to ensure the strength of earth formations and individual layers of soil materials, while giving the project a good aesthetic and environmental integration landscape.
The coating system used is either rigid or flexible, a thickness of a few cm to 100 cm, and may be composed of different physical or structural materials.
The coating gives the earthmoving work the following characteristics:
The investment schemes mainly from industrial production. They are usually prefabricated concrete elements, metal mesh, geotextile and natural soil materials. The protective liner is mounted and anchored or through sieves or by geosynthetic materials in the body of the earth-moving work.
Depending on their dimensions are divided into equal sized chambers. The configuration of the chambers is made with internal baffles of same material. The chambers are filled with natural stone. Intermediates partitions do not allow the movement of the stone from one chamber to another.
Precast gabions have many advantages compared to the conventional manufacturing method of gabions epitope to project from web rolls.
Supplied ready to the final desired dimensions. Thereby ensuring the maximum safety of the construction and of course the maximum speed work.
Made of heavy galvanized wire (275 gr / m2 according to BS 443/82, EN 10244-2, ASTM A 641-71, DIN 1548 and QQ-W-461H). Tension wire: 350 - 500 N / mm2 according to EN 10223-3. Elongation wire: according to EN 10223-3.
Produced by hexagons double weaving webs with loops of various types: 8x10, 6x8, 10x12. The diameter of the wire: 2,70 or 3,00 mm.
Such constructions are used :
- Protection against excessive sediment speeds
- Protection facilities next to coast
- Protection of river bank
- Groins
- Barrages
- Bases of bridges
- Construction of retaining walls and fencing
- Containment and protection from precipitation rocks
- Floods
etc.
The gabions offer many advantages over other types of constructions. Some of them are :
FLEXIBILITY : one of the greatest advantages is the flexibility of the gabions. The method of manufacture allows tolerance to different forces without damaging because exhibit absorption of the forces from the ground and retain ydrastatikis pressure.
LONGEVITY : The gabions are distinguished for their period in time because manufactured with high strength loop and filled with natural stone. Connected to each other and create a strong structure capable of underground shifts without losing their original schematic integrity. Moreover, the gabions are known for their ability to adapt and fully assimilated into the natural environment. They are supported and reinforced by the growth of plants between them and provides a physical protection for the loop of the container and stones.
RESISTANCE : the gabions with durability and flexibility available to resist the forces generated by volumes of water and soil.
ECOLOGY : construction of gabions are environmentally friendly and have elachiti interference in the balance of ecosystems because of the inertness of the material and the use of natural stone. Their filling with stones creates resource allowing the flow of both water and air. Over time many constructions overwhelmed by natural vegetation to such an extent that it is not visible.
LOW COST: construction of gabions are very economical solutions with application in many constructions. The assembling and mounting time can be regarded as minimal in relation to other structures. In one construction of gabions need no kidnapping and drainage works water because the wells have resources and thus facilitate the flow of water. The stones with which they filled the gabions usually offered within walking distance from the project in local quarries or by local merchants.
AESTHETIC INTEGRATION WITH THE ENVIRONMENT: all constructions made of wire mesh embedded in the environment and create elegant structures unlike other products for such constructions as cement walls.
LANDSCAPING: The use of gabions in the design and landscaping is limited only in terms of creativity and imagination of the designer. The gabions allow the creation of vegetation and helps to maintain the natural environment effectively and economically in projects such as parks, along roads, rivers, lakes, creating terraces, rock gardens and courtyards.
Standard (prefabricated) gabions:
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
In recent years, reinforced embankments configuration presents particular development, both for reasons related orizontiografikous limitations, ease of manufacture, the relative economy over conventional methods using reinforced concrete, and because of the range of geosynthetic materials on the market.
Alternative design and design solutions based on the strength of geosynthetic materials, the properties of materials loans, and geomorphological conditions and the limited land use requirements.
One aspect which also needs special importance, usually either overlooked or chosen hastily, to the protective coating system of slopes of reinforced embankments.
However, this parameter is essential for the safe operation of the body of reinforced embankment, combined with the aesthetic imbues the work.
Protective investment means the system formed in the outer surface of slopes reinforced embankments (roads) to protect them from corrosion, to ensure the strength of earth formations and individual layers of soil materials, while giving the project a good aesthetic and environmental integration landscape.
The coating system used is either rigid or flexible, a thickness of a few cm to 100 cm, and may be composed of different physical or structural materials.
The coating gives the earthmoving work the following characteristics:
- resistance to static and seismic actions
- resistance to permanent actions by traffic loads, small infrastructures
- protection against natural erosion and weathering
- protection from chemical and microbiological action, fire, UV rays, vandalism, vehicle collisions
- controlled manufacturing, rapid and immediate integration into the environment using organic geogrids through planting
The investment schemes mainly from industrial production. They are usually prefabricated concrete elements, metal mesh, geotextile and natural soil materials. The protective liner is mounted and anchored or through sieves or by geosynthetic materials in the body of the earth-moving work.
European regulation EN 14 475: 2006 combines elements from the British and the French Regulation, experience from the construction of different investment assets, while lacking provisions for seismic design. Given while manufacturing tolerances that are related and controlled through the protective lining. The geometrical tolerances for deviation from the initial angle of inclination of the slope (β), the differential settlement on the face of the slope along the embankment (ΔS/ΔL) and foreshortening of the embankment-investment (ΔH/H).
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
The basic design principles of the protective coating includes a sound knowledge of the following parameters:
- Physical and mechanical properties of materials cast loans for the construction of reinforced embankments. Commonly used block materials, natural, crushed with a z-strength parameters φ=32 ° to 37 °, c=0 to 5 kPa and a minimum modulus of compression of the order Es=50 MPa after condensation.
- Individual reinforcements of the embankment cast through geosynthetics, geogrids and geotextiles. The laying distance of the main reinforcement height generally does not exceed 100 cm, and depending where applicable on the inclination of the slope laid and secondary reinforcement in the meantime in the embankment width up to 4 m (at the intersection).
- The mounting conditions in underground formations with sufficient bearing capacity, free from loose and organic impurities. The existence of a drainage layer at the base of earthmoving is usually required.
- Easy and standardized work for installation and laying of protective coating on the outer surface of the slopes of embankments. The protective coating is generally placed on slopes with inclination over 45 ° and special connections anchored and secured to the embankment.
- In configurations in bright natural terrain required the foundation construction, mainly of concrete, on the basis of the investment and the first steps across the embankment, for the safe withdrawal of the superstructure loads and where natural soil materials are compressible, low bearing capacity, or where the favorable condition of the total land mass of the charge.
- Care must be taken that it is easy to drain between the protective coating, because of the use topsoil cast to it, and the main body of the embankment.
- With the construction of the liner and through the anchor of the main body of the embankment is achieved and an acceptable concentration of the embankment on the end of the screed belts. The condensation is generally structive weight plates 150 up 750 kgr. In configurations without anchoring, mobile load above 1500 kgr can pass at a distance of more than 100 cm from the exterior face of the slope.
- Essentials should respect the requirements and standards of application of the individual building materials, according to the instructions and manufacturer's instructions.
The gabions beyond using them in construction as structural elements, can be used as decorations for the construction barriers, spacers, plant stands, fences, sedentary gardens etc. because they have excellent integration with the environment and the end result is entirely aesthetic.
Their inclusion is to extend both inside buildings and in their faces for purely decorative purposes
and the result is simply striking
